Raws li cov nyom teb rau huab cua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov kub thiab txias, cov nyom hauv chaw ua si golf raug muab faib ua cov nyom sov thiab cov nyom txias. Qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov hauv paus nyom txias (qhov kub hauv av) yog 10-18 degrees Celsius, thiab qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov qia thiab nplooj (qhov kub huab cua) yog 16-24 degrees Celsius; rau cov nyom sov, qhov kub zoo tshaj plaws rau cov hauv paus hniav yog 25-29 degrees Celsius, thiab qhov kub huab cua yog 27-35 degrees Celsius.
Cov nyom txias: Feem ntau lub sijhawm loj hlob ntawm cov nyom txias yog nyob rau lub sijhawm txias ntawm lub xyoo, uas yog, nyob rau sab qab teb thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, lub caij ntuj no thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav; nyob rau sab qaum teb thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg. Cov nyom txias suav nrog: bent, bluegrass, rye thiab fescue.
Cov nyom sov so: Lub sijhawm loj hlob ntawm cov nyom sov so feem ntau yog nyob rau lub hlis kub ntawm lub xyoo, uas yog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lig, lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg thaum ntxov hauv sab qab teb thiab thaj chaw hloov pauv. Cov nyom sov so suav nrog cov nyom Bermuda, Zoysia thiab Seashore Paspalum. Cov nyom sov so hauv chaw ua si golf feem ntau yog sib xyaw nrog cov nyom txias kom khaws nws cov xim thaum lub caij ntuj no. Rye thiab qee hom nyom thaum ntxov yog cov kev xaiv.
Cov noob nyom thaum ntxov: Cov nyom thaum ntxov siv rau hauvcov chaw ua si golfyog cov nyom nyom uas twb muaj lawm hauv qhov chaw, thiab cov nyom thaum ntxov tshaj plaws uas cog rau hauv cov chaw ua si golf kuj yog cov nyom nyom hauv zos. Ua ntej xyoo 1930, cov chaw ua si golf uas tau tsim nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau siv cov nyom sib xyaw ua cov nyom hauv chaw ua si golf. Cov nyom sib xyaw muaj 80% COLONIAL bent, 10% VELVET bent thiab me ntsis CREEPING bent. Hauv New England, VELVET bent tau siv rau cov zaub ntsuab. Cov noob nyom no yog cov nroj tsuag niam rau kev cog noob nyom hauv chaw ua si golf yav tom ntej.
Xyoo 1916, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb ntawm Tebchaws Meskas (USDA) tau tsim ib lub koom haum hu ua Arlington Lawn Garden, uas tau mob siab rau kev soj ntsuam thiab yug cov noob nyom uas tsim nyog rau cov nyom ntsuab. Xyoo 1921, lawv tau pib koom tes ua lag luam nrog USDA los tsim lub Koom Haum Golf ntawm Tebchaws Meskas (USGA) los nthuav kev tshawb fawb txog cov noob nyom. Lawv nrhiav cov nyom uas muaj kev ua tau zoo heev los ntawm txhua qhov chaw, xws li cov nplooj zoo nkauj, xim, qhov ceev thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab cog rau hauv lub tsev cog qoob loo ntawm Arlington Lawn Garden. USGA siv tsab ntawv C los sau lawv rau kev cog qoob loo. Xyoo 1927, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb ntawm Tebchaws Meskas tau tshaj tawm tias lawv tau tsim cov nyom ntsuab zoo tshaj plaws - cov nyom creeping bent. Siv cov thev naus laus zis no, ntau cov nyom ntsuab tau npog nrog cov khaub ncaws ntsuab, tab sis vim nws tau cog qoob loo asexual, nws cov kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv kab tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho.
Kev cog cov nyom uas nkhaus: Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pib kawm hauv Pennsylvania xyoo 1940 los sim nrhiav cov nyom uas nkhaus uas sib npaug thiab ruaj khov. Tom qab 9 xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm hnyav, lawv tau cog cov nyom uas nkhaus hu ua PENNCROSS, uas tau tsim tawm xyoo 1954 thiab pib hloov cov nyom ntsuab yav dhau los. Ua ntej xyoo 1990, PENNCROSS yog cov nyom ntsuab nrov tshaj plaws. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau hom tshiab tau tsim tawm, PENNCROSS tseem siv dav niaj hnub no.
Kev tshawb nrhiav noob nyom Pennsylvania tseem tab tom ua mus ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm Dr. Joe Duwick, PENNEAGLE bent tau pib xyoo 1978 thiab PENNLINKS bent tau pib xyoo 1986. Txij xyoo 1980 txog 1990, kev tshawb nrhiav txog bent feem ntau yog tsom mus rau yuav ua li cas cog cov hom uas tiv taus kub siab kom nthuav nws txoj kev hloov pauv. Los ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv Texas los ntawm USGA, cov hom nyom tshiab CATO thiab CRENSHAW tau pib. Tib lub sijhawm, Pennsylvania Joe Duwick txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tsom mus rau yuav ua li cas txhim kho bent txoj kev kam rau kev txiav nyom qis. Nws cov kev siv zog ua rau kev tsim cov bent A thiab G series. Lwm lub tuam txhab noob nyom kuj tau tsim cov hom zoo heev xws li: SR1020, L-93, PROVIDENCE, BACKSPIN, IMPERIAL, thiab lwm yam. Lwm cov nyom uas muaj noob: Kentucky bluegrass thiab perennial ryegrass tau raug yug ntau heev dhau 40 txog 50 xyoo dhau los, tsom mus rau kev cog cov noob me me kom yooj yim rau kev xaiv cov khoom noob nyom patented los ntawm ntau lub tuam txhab noob nyom, suav nrog:
Cov nyom sov so: Cov nyom Bermuda yog qhov tsim nyog rau thaj chaw sov, thaj chaw sov so thiab thaj chaw sab qab teb ntawm lub ntiaj teb; nyob rau hauv thaj chaw huab cua hloov pauv ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, Zoysia feem ntau yog siv rau ntawm txoj kev ncaj ncees, tab sis nws yog siv dav hauv Nyiv Pooj, Kauslim Teb thiab Tuam Tshoj; Cov nyom Buffalo, ib hom nyom ib txwm muaj ntawm Great Plains ntawm North America, yog qhov tsim nyog rau cov nyom ntev hauv thaj chaw semi-humid, semi-arid thiab qhuav; Seashore Paspalum, cov nyom sov so uas tiv taus ntsev tshaj plaws, yog qhov tsim nyog rau thaj chaw sov so thiab thaj chaw sov so, thiab nws cov ntau yam zoo dua tuaj yeem siv ua nyom rau terraces,cov chaw ua si ntsuab thiab cov chaw ua si fairways.
Cov nyom Bermuda thiab nws cov hybrids: Cov nyom Bermuda uas siv dav tshaj plaws tej zaum yuav tau kis los ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav Spanish thaum ub. Xyoo 1924, Tebchaws Meskas tau tsim ntau hom Bermuda ATLANTA, thiab xyoo 1938, U3. Tom qab ntawd, thaum tus neeg ua si golf zoo Bobby Jones mus rau tebchaws Iziv mus ua si golf, nws tau qhia txog ntau hom nyom Bermuda tshiab los ntawm tebchaws Iziv, UGANDAGRASS. Ua ntej xyoo 1950, tsuas muaj cov Bermuda series no uas tuaj yeem xaiv tau. Xyoo 1950 thiab 1960, cov nyom Bermuda feem ntau tau dhau los ua cov nyom golf tseem ceeb. Xyoo 1940, tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm US Department of Agriculture, Glen Burton, tau pom qee cov nyom ntom ntom, luv luv, nruab nrab zoo hauv nws thaj chaw pub tsiaj hauv nroog Tifton, Georgia. Tom qab hybridization, nws tau tsim Tifton 57 (TIFLAWN) xyoo 1957. Cov nyom no zoo heev rau kev cog rau ntawm thaj chaw ua si tab sis tsis yog rau ntawm cov ntsuab vim nws loj hlob sai. Yog li ntawd, Burton txuas ntxiv kawm thiab kawm tias lwm tus kws tshawb fawb tau sib xyaw nws cov Tifton 57 nrog cov dev hauv zos hauv Africa. Tom qab tau txais kev tshoov siab, nws tau tawm tswv yim thiab tau txais ntau cov dev hauv zos hauv cov chaw ua si golf sab qab teb. Tom qab ntau pua qhov kev sib xyaw, Burton tau tsim Tifton 127 (TIFFINE), Tifton 328 (TIFGREEN) thiab Tifton 419 (TIFWAY). Tus dev Bermuda dwarf (TIFDWARF) tau yug los ntawm lwm tus kws tshawb fawb los ntawm kev xaiv caj ces tam sim no ntawm 328, tab sis tau sau npe los ntawm Burton hauv xyoo 1955.
Txog niaj hnub no, Tifton tseem yog lub chaw tseem ceeb rau kev txheeb xyuas cov Bermuda hybrids. Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, lwm tus kws tshawb fawb, Hanna, tseem tab tom ua kev tshawb fawb hauv nroog TIFTON. Nws tau tsim Eagle Grass thiab TIFSPORT, ob qho tib si muaj cov nroj tsuag niam los ntawm Tuam Tshoj.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Kaum Ob Hlis-09-2024